Discrete element modelling of rockfill railway embankments

Abstract There is a need of reducing the uncertainty in traffic loading-induced settlements within railway embankments. A previously developed model for unbound stone-based materials has been implemented modelling rockfill Particles were represented by simple breakable tetrahedral clumps spheres with four asperities each. Both corner breakage and particle splitting allowed. Embankments heights between 2 10 m generated successive dumping compaction layers on top each other, mimicking construction real Cyclic loading embankments representing traffic, both unbreakable assemblies, was carried out. Results show that mechanical response marked substantial degree exacerbated degradation, especially intermediate to high An analysis rotation showed rearrangement mostly accumulates layers, resulting lack influence embankment height settlements. Breakage, even being (very) limited magnitude, had statistically significant effect. Good agreement common geostatic theories predicting horizontal pressures also observed. Regarding resilient response, linear stiffening observed minor breakage. All all, it shown specific scale, boundary stress conditions results behaviour deviating from under triaxial conditions. Therefore, key contribution showing possible realistically large number cycles furthermore including something not attempted date. Graphic abstract